Library terminology in Japanese

A

Abstract

概要 A summary or brief description of the content of another longer work.

Archives

アーカイブ A space which houses historical or public records or the historical or public records themselves.

Article

記事 A brief work on a topic that is usually published as part of a journal, magazine, or newspaper.

Attachment

付属品 A separate file sent with an email message.

Authentication

証明 A security process that typically employs usernames and passwords to validate the identity of users before allowing them access to certain information.

Author

著者 The person(s) or organization(s) that wrote or compiled a document.

B

Bibliography

文献目録 A list containing citations to the resources used in writing a research paper or other document.

Book

本 A relatively lengthy work, often on a single topic.

Boolean operator

ブール演算子 A word--such as AND, OR, or NOT--that commands a computer to combine search terms. Helps to narrow (AND, NOT) or broaden (OR) searches.

Browser

ブール演算子 A software program that enables users to access Internet resources.

C

Call number

請求番号 A group of letters and/or numbers that identifies a specific item in a library and provides a way for organizing library holdings.

Catalog

カタログ A database (either online or on paper cards) listing and describing the books, journals, government documents, audiovisual and other materials held by a library.

CD

CD An abbreviation for compact disc; it is used for storing digital information.

Check-out

チェックアウト To borrow an item from a library for a fixed period of time in order to read, listen to, or view it.

Circulation

循環 The place in the library, often a desk, where you check out, renew, and return library materials.  You may also place a hold, report an item missing from the   shelves, or pay late fees or fines there.

Citation

参照 A reference to a book, magazine or journal article, or other work containing all the information necessary to identify and locate that work.

Controlled vocabulary

管理された用語 Standardized terms used in searching a specific database.

Copy card

コピーカード A card that enables its user to print from a computer, or to make copies of a document at a photocopy machine.

Course reserve

コースの予備 A selection of books, articles, videotapes, or other materials that instructors want students to read or view for a particular course. Print reserve materials are usually kept in one area of the library and circulate for only a short period of time.

D

Database

データベース A collection of information stored in an electronic format that can be searched by a computer.

Descriptor

ディスクリプター A word that describes the subject of an article or book; used in many computer databases.

Dissertation

論文 An extended written treatment of a subject (like a book) submitted by a graduate student as a requirement for a doctorate.

Document delivery

文書の配信 A service that retrieves or photocopies information sources for library users.

Download

ダウンロード 1. To transfer information from a computer to a program or storage device to be viewed at a later date. 2. To transfer information from one computer to another computer using a modem.

E

Ebook or electronic book

e 本 An electronic version of a book that can be read on a computer.

Editor

編集者 A person or group responsible for compiling the writings of others into a single information source.

E-reserve or electronic reserve

電子予備 An electronic version of a course reserve that is read on a computer screen.

Encyclopedia

百科事典 A work containing information on all branches of knowledge or treating comprehensively a particular branch of knowledge (such as history or chemistry).

F

Full-text

フルテキスト A complete electronic copy of a resource, usually an article, viewed on a computer display screen.  The term "full-text" is often used to refer to the electronic version of an article or book that is also published in print.

H

Hold

把握 A request by a user to a library that a book checked out to another person be saved for that user when it is returned.

Holdings

保有物 The materials owned by a library.

Hyperlink

ハイパーリンク An image or a portion of text which a Web user can click to jump to another document or page.

I

Icon

アイコン A small symbol on a computer screen that represents a computer operation or data file.

Index

索引 1. A list of names or topics--usually found at the end of a publication--that directs you to the pages where those names or topics are discussed within the publication.  2. A printed or electronic publication that provides references to periodical articles or booksby their subject, author, or other search terms.

Interlibrary services/loan

相互貸借 A service that allows you to borrow materials from other libraries through your loan services own library.  See also: Document delivery.

Internet

インターネット A worldwide network of computer networks that allows for the transmission and exchange of files.

J

Journal

ジャーナル A publication, issued on a regular basis, which contains scholarly research published as articles, papers, research reports, or technical reports. See also: Periodical

Journal title

ジャーナルタイトル The name of a journal.

K

Keyword

キーワード A significant or memorable word or term in the title, abstract, or text of an information resource that indicates its subject and is often used as a search term.

L

Limits/limiters

限界 Options used in searching that restrict your results to only information resources meeting certain other, non-subject-related, criteria. Limiting options vary by database, but common options include limiting results to materials available full-text in the database, to scholarly publications, to materials written in a particular language, to materials available in a particular location, or to materials published at a specific time.

Link

リンク See: Hyperlink

M

Magazine

雑誌 A publication, issued on a regular basis, containing popular articles, written and illustrated in a less technical manner than the articles found in a journal.

Multimedia

マルチメディア Any information resource that presents information using more than one media (print, picture, audio, or video).

N

Newspaper

新聞 A publication containing information about varied topics that are pertinent to general information, a geographic area, or a specific subject matter (i.e. business, culture, education). Often published daily.

P

PDF

PDF A file format developed by Adobe Acrobat® that allows files to be transmitted from one computer to another while retaining their original appearance both on-screen and when printed. An acronym for Portable Document Format.

Peer-reviewed

journal

見直される同等者 Peer review is a process by which editors have experts in a field review books or journal articles submitted for publication by the experts' peers. Peer review helps to ensure the quality of an information source by publishing only works of proven validity,   methodology, and quality. Peer-reviewed journals are also called refereed or scholarly journals.

Periodical

定期刊行物 An information source published in multiple parts at regular intervals (daily, weekly, monthly, biannually). Journals, magazines, and newspapers are all periodicals. See also: Serial

Primary source

根本資料 An original record of events, such as a diary, a newspaper article, a public record, or scientific documentation.

Print

印刷物 The written symbols of a language as portrayed on paper. Information sources may be either print or electronic.

Proxy server

プロキシ・サーバ An Internet server that acts as a "go-between" for a computer on a local network (secure system) and the open Web. Often checks to determine "right of access" to the secure environment and speeds up requests by caching frequently accessed Web pages.

R

Refereed journal

審判をされたジャーナル See: Peer reviewed

Reference

参照 1. A service that helps people find needed information. 2. Sometimes "reference" refers to reference collections, such as encyclopedias, indexes, handbooks, directories, etc. 3. A citation to a work is also known as a reference.

Remote access

遠隔アクセス The ability to log onto (or access) networked computer resources from a distant location. Remote access makes available library databases to students researching from home, office, or other locations outside the library.

Renewal

更新 A lengthening of the loan period for library materials.

Reserve

予備　 1. A service providing special, often short-term, access to course-related materials (book or article readings, lecture notes, sample tests) or to other materials (CD- ROMs, audio-visual materials, current newspapers or magazines). 2. Also the physical location--often a service desk or room--within a library where materials on reserve are kept. Materials can also be made available electronically. See also: Course reserve,  Electronic reserve

S

Scholarly

学者的 See: Peer reviewed

Search statement

キーワードor フリーワード Words entered into the search box of a database or search engine or search query when looking for information. Words relating to an information source's author, editor, title, subject heading or keyword serve as search terms. Search terms can be combined by using Boolean operators and can also be used with limits/limiters.

Secondary sources

二次文献 Materials such as books and journal articles that analyze primary sources. Secondary sources usually provide evaluation or interpretation of data or evidence found in original research or documents such as historical manuscripts or memoirs.

Serial

連続 Publications such as journals, magazines and newspapers that are generally published multiple times per year, month, or week. Serials usually have number volumes and issues. The words journal, magazine, periodical, and serial may be used interchangeably.

Software

ソフトウェア The programs installed on and used by the components of a computer system (or, hardware).

Stacks

積み重ね Shelves in the library where materials--typically books--are stored. Books in the stacks are normally arranged by call number. May be referred to as "book stacks."

Style manual

様式マニュアル An information source providing guidelines for people who are writing research papers. A style manual outlines specific formats for arranging research papers and citing the sources that are used in writing the paper.

Subject heading

件名標目 Descriptions of an information source's content assigned to make finding information easier. See also: Controlled vocabulary, Descriptor

T

Thumb drive

親指ドライブ A small portable device for storing computerized information. A thumb drive can plug into the USB (Universal Serial Bus) port of any computer and store electronic information.

Title

タイトル The name of a book, article, or other information source.

U

Upload

アップロード To transfer information from a computer system or a personal computer to another computer system or a larger computer system.

Uniform Resource

Locator

(URL)

URL The unique address for a Web page which is used in citing it. A Uniform Resource Locater (URL) consists of the access protocol (http), the domain name (www.nmsu.edu), and often the path to a file or resource residing on that server.

User ID

ユーザ登録名 A number or name unique to a particular user of computerized resources. A user ID must often be entered in order to access library resources remotely.

W

Wireless

無線 The name given to any electronic device that sends messages through space via electric or electromagnetic waves instead of via power cords.

World Wide Web

ワールド・ワイド・ウェブ A network of information, as a part of the Internet, that includes text, graphics, sounds, and moving images. Also know as the Web or WWW or W3. It incorporates a variety of Internet tools into one method of access, such as the Web browser Internet Explorer, Safari, or Firefox.

Z

Zip drive/zip disk

ジッパードライブ Devices used in the creation of compressed (or "zipped") electronic information.

This resource was made possible by the work of the ACRL, a division of the ALA.